Capacitor

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Vibration moves the plates, causing the capacitance to vary, in turn inducing AC current. The resulting interference is especially problematic in audio applications, potentially causing feedback or unintended recording. In the reverse microphonic effect, the varying electric field between the capacitor plates exerts a physical force, moving them as a speaker. This can generate audible sound, but drains energy and stresses the dielectric and the electrolyte, if any. Ripple current is the AC component of an applied source (often a switched-mode power supply) whose frequency may be constant or varying.

Larger value capacitors usually use a metal foil or metal film layer deposited on the surface of a dielectric film to make the plates, and a dielectric film of impregnated paper or plastic – these are rolled up to save space. To reduce the series resistance and inductance for long plates, the plates and dielectric are staggered so that connection is made at the common edge of the rolled-up plates, not at the ends of the foil or metalized film strips that comprise the plates. Capacitors made with any type of dielectric material show some level of “”dielectric absorption”” or “”soakage””. On discharging a capacitor and disconnecting it, after a short time it may develop a voltage due to hysteresis in the dielectric. This effect is objectionable in applications such as precision sample and hold circuits or timing circuits.

Leyden jars were later made by coating the inside and outside of jars with metal foil, leaving a space at the mouth to prevent arcing between the foils. The earliest unit of capacitance was the jar, equivalent to about 1.11 nanofarads. While some capacitance exists between any two electrical conductors in proximity in a circuit, a capacitor is a component designed to add capacitance to a circuit. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser, a term still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone. Our wiring supplies section features wires rated with enough amps to withstand strong currents for most household installations, as well as a range of wire gauges and up to three conductors per cable. We carry low-voltage wire for security lighting and other outdoor uses, too, with UV-resistant, weatherproof sheathing that’s rated for underground installation.

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Usually, the values of these capacitors are not given in farads but rather as a reactive power in volt-amperes reactive . The purpose is to counteract inductive loading from devices like electric motors and transmission lines to make the load appear to be mostly resistive. Individual motor or lamp loads may have capacitors for power-factor correction, or larger sets of capacitors may be installed at a load center within a building or in a large utility substation. The assembly is encased to prevent moisture entering the dielectric – early radio equipment used a cardboard tube sealed with wax. Modern paper or film dielectric capacitors are dipped in a hard thermoplastic. Large capacitors for high-voltage use may have the roll form compressed to fit into a rectangular metal case, with bolted terminals and bushings for connections.

Capacitors are different from resistors and inductors in that the impedance is inversely proportional to the defining characteristic; i.e., capacitance. A simple resistor–capacitor circuit demonstrates charging of a capacitor. Check out our wide-ranging portfolio of technology products and systems for industrial and commercial customers.

They feed to the requirements of Industries, Transmission Utilities, Govt Bodies, CPWD/PWD, MES, Pvt Institutions, Builder, Architects, Interior Decorators, Electrical Contractors, Electricians and the end user consumer himself. Needs to review the security of your connection before proceeding. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Capacitors and Capacitors . Fixed and Variable Capacitors; 1st Ed; G. W. A. Dummer and Harold Nordenberg; Maple Press; 288 pages; 1960.

This is used in car audio applications, when a stiffening capacitor compensates for the inductance and resistance of the leads to the lead-acid car battery. For maximum life, capacitors usually need to be able to handle the maximum amount of reversal that a system may experience. An AC circuit experiences 100% voltage reversal, while underdamped DC circuits experience less than 100%. Reversal creates excess electric fields in the dielectric, causes excess heating of both the dielectric and the conductors, and can dramatically shorten the life expectancy of the capacitor.